Spectral Analysis: Transmission gratings are the core component of spectrometers, decomposing mixed light into monochromatic light. By detecting the intensity distribution of light at each wavelength, material composition analysis (such as atomic absorption spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy) can be achieved.
Wavelength Selection: In laser systems, gratings can serve as external cavity feedback elements. By adjusting the diffraction angle, specific wavelengths can be selected to achieve single-mode laser output or wavelength tuning.
Beam Shaping: By designing the duty cycle or phase distribution of the grating, amplitude or phase modulation of diffracted light can be achieved, enabling beam expansion, focusing, or the formation of specific intensity distributions. This characteristic has wide applications in laser processing, optical imaging, and other fields.
Displacement and Angle Measurement: Combined with photodetectors, gratings can convert mechanical displacement or rotation angle into light intensity change signals, enabling high-precision displacement measurement or angular position detection (such as rotary encoders), with resolution down to the nanometer level.
